SAP BO Interview Question
Here we have mentioned most frequently asked SAP BO Interview Questions and Answers specially for freshers and experienced.
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Business object can be considered as integrated analysis, reporting and query for the purpose of finding solution to some business professionals that can be helpful for them to retrieve data from the corporate databases in a direct manner from the desktop. This retrieved information can be presented and analyzed within a document that of business objects. Business objects can be helpful as an OLAP tool by the high level management as a major part of Decision Support Systems.
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There are many advantages in making use of business objects and they are
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There are various kinds of products related with business objects and they are
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Designer is a module related with Business Objects IS used by the designers for creating and maintaining universes. Universes can be considered as semantic layer that can isolate the end users from the various issues that are technical and related with the structure of database. Universe designers has the possibility for distributing the universes to the end users after moving these as file through the system of files or can be done by exporting the files to the repository.
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There are especially two different kinds of modes associated with these platforms, they are
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There are two different methods related with multidimensional analysis available inside BO and these methods are
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There are various different kinds of users associated with business object, they are
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Business objects help you in accessing the data from variety of sources. You have the possibility of accessing data from RDBMS like oracle, MS SQL server and IBM DB2.
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There are various kinds of data providers available for the business objects and they are
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This is a kind of analysis mode associated with business objects and helps in breaking down data as well as in viewing data from all the possible angles and the levels of detail for discovering the factor that has caused good – bad result.
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Personal connection can be created only by a single user and it can’t be made used by others. The details regarding such a connection can be usually stored inside PDAC.LSI file.
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This is a kind of connection that is usually made used by other user via a server which is shared one. The details regarding the connection can be stored within the SDAC>LSI file which can be found within the installation folder of the business objects.
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Secured connection is a kind of connection that can be helpful in overcoming the various limitations associated with the former connections. The rights related with this kind of connection can be set over documents as well as objects. Universes can be brought inside central repository only by making use of secured connection. The parameters regarding these connection care usually saved inside CMS.
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The custom hierarchies can be used for defining the universe for facilitating drill down that is customized and can happen between objects from different or same classes considering the user requirements.
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The custom hierarchies can be created by following the path tools ->hierarchies in BO designer.
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Context can be defined as the particular path of join between a specific group of joins or the tables for the purpose of a particular query. A particular object that can be found inside the column of a table, belonging to particular context is supposed to be compatible to all the various kinds of objects belonging to the same context. In the case of objects that are from the various kinds of context, different kinds of SQL can be generated, and the results can be merged inside micro cube. This is for making sure that there is no incorrect result associated with a loop or any other kind of issue related with join path.
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Context can be created by making use of feature associated with context or by manual procedures. The context are usually created by making use of logical calculation or based on the business requirements. The detect context may not be much useful in this case and so it should be done by making use of manual procedure.
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Chasm trap is a condition that arises when the values inside the fact table get inflated at the time of measuring the values from two different fact tables by considering the dimensions inside dimension table.
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Chasm trap should be solved by making use of two different methods.
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Using SQL queries from the database level, Derived tables are created in the universe. The columns of the derived table will be the columns selected in the query. Derived table can be used in the complex calculations which are difficult to be achieved in the report levels. Using a dblink, tables can be accessed from a different schema, is another use of derived tables.
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User objects is a universe of classes and objects which is created by the universe designer. Once the objects consisted in the universe does not matches your necessities, then the user can create his own objects called User objects.
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The @functions are:
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The @prompt function asks the end user to enter any specific values. The Visual Basics for applications macro’s results will be recovered by using @Script function. An existing statements SELECT statement can be re-used by using @Select function. For a name or variable, the value assigned to it will be referenced using @Variable. An existing object’s where clause can be re-used by @Where functions.
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There are three Domains in Business Objects and they are:
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Using @Derived_table function, we can access one derived table from another. The syntax is as ,
@derived_table(the derived table name)
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Slice works with the master or detail reports and it is used to rename, reset and delete the blocks.
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Slice: It renames, reset and delete the blocks. It works with the master/detail report.
Dice: It displays the data and removes the data. It turns the crosstabs and tables into c harts and vice versa.
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Large blocks of data can be split into sections by using master/detail report. Repeating values can be avoided by using this and also the subtotals can be displayed.
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The class can be defined as a collection of objects in a universe. Subclasses can be derived from classes and using these classes and the subclasses, we can create a hierarchy.
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There are three approaches available for linking the universes and they are:
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Data mining is the process through which you can extract the required details from the database, which can be made used for making conclusions.
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Drill modes helps to analyze data from different angles and different state of details. The available Drill modes are;
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when we have a same fact tables in different grains,we use aggregate_awarness function to define one object for measures in fact tables.the syntax is as,
@aggregate_aware(highest_level.lower level)
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A one to many join links to a table which respond with another one to many join links is called fan trap.
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The query or the data source is called as the data provider.
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Context is created when the dimension objects are present in one or both fact tables.
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Only the users within the group can be accessed in this mode.
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There are five different schemas supported by Business Objects designer and they are:
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Channel is a website with ‘push’ technology. It is to make the users know up-to-date information. Each and every Business Objects channel will be associated with a broadcast agent, who can have several channels.
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User objects are not shared with other end users. It is stored in a specific user object definition file. So if any end-user tries to refresh or edit the query contains another user’s user object, it will be automatically cleaned and removed.
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The tasks consists of,
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The main components it consists of are:
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To maintain the version documents according to the user profiles, we use report bursting.
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Web intelligence is a solution that is specialized in supporting the decisions related with queries, reports and analysis.
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Decision Support Systems.
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To automatically extract structural information from database or from a flat file we use a script known as strategy.
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It is a set of objects and classes.these objects and clss es will be intended for an application or a group of users.
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Secured mode restrict the access of specific users over specific commands.
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Using drill by we can move to other hierarchy and analyze the other data, which belongs to another hierarchy.
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It is file which contains the data values associated with an object.
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SAP Business Objects is a business intelligence tool that provides the combination of analysis, reporting and querying intended to find instant answers to the business related questions and help management improve their decision-making process.
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I worked for a US based health-care distributor who delivers pharmaceuticals to various retails and institutional providers across North America. Depending upon the sales made, the company offers different kinds of rebates to its customers.
Broadly speaking, the aim of our project was to build a rebate calculation application for the company through which we can calculate rebates accurately and present real-time state of the system to the business so that losses incurred on inaccurate rebate calculation are minimized and decision making can be improved by viewing more realistic reports.
This was an agile project & I was involved in the development team of the scrum.
My tasks were bringing data into SAP HANA system from various sources and develop data models over this data. Then, over the calculation views created in SAP HANA, I used to build universes in IDT depicting different scenarios needed for reporting.
And finally, I used to build reports in SAP Business Objects utilizing these universes. These reports were the end product of our project. The top management used to consume these reports for better decision-making.
For building these reports, I used webi rich client – SAP Business Objects 4.0.
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We have the SAP BO platform on the top. We have different tools under SAP BO platform. Below is the categorization:
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We have the following type of tools under SAP BO BI 4.0:
Administrator tools
Business User tools – Business user tools are the ones intended for a business user (example –HR manager or a financial manager of any organization) which help them to view and manage business reports to aid them in a decision-making process.
Data manager tools – They are used to design a sematic layer between the designer tool and its source of data.
Designer tools – It provides the facility to design a query based on your reporting requirement.
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This can be achieved through BI launch pad.
BI launch pad is a SAP BO BI 4.0 business user tool used for broadcasting the reports. It provides an interface to the SAP BO business intelligence platform repository that enables us to navigate to view & manage our business intelligence documents. It is a web based application/portal from where we can access the reports and organize the reports as per our need.
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Below is the URL we use for BI launch pad:
HTTP://localhost:8080/BOE/BI
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Webi is referred as a client tool because it can connect to the business objects main server (CMS). When we launch the tool, we have the option to connect to business object server. It asks for the ‘system name’ which is nothing but the BO server.
Every tool under SAP BO is capable of connecting to the business object repository. That is why these tools are referred as client tools.
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SAP BO client tools are divided into two parts:
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The reason behind this is that a business user can log into web intelligence and view reports and if they want to create simple reports on ad-hoc basis then that is also possible.
Webi is a very simple tool to use. A business user can open a report from the BO repository and can also generate the report by just selecting the universe, run a query on top of it and getting their final report as a result.
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We design the queries from query panel. We don’t need to write the complex queries here. We just have to drag & drop the column and functions and the queries are generated accordingly in the background
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The result of the query is the final report. A report is a business representation of the data.
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We would choose SAP BO Dashboards in this scenario.
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We can go with webi in this scenario.
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We would go with ‘SAP crystal reports for enterprise’ in this case as it gives very powerful formatting options.
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There are three different kinds of connections available:
Personal connection is the one which can be used by you only i.e. this connection is available to only the user who creates it. No other user has access to use this connection. We have a PDAC.LSI file where the connection details are kept in case of a personal connection.
Next, comes is the shared connection where all the users can access the connection. We have a shared server in this case and the connection details are kept in SDAC.LSI file.
The limitation of shared connection is that we can’t establish rights & permissions over the objects. Also, we cannot export the universe to a central repository in case we are using a shared connection.
The last type of connection available is secured connection which can be shared between the users and we can also set rights & permissions in CMS (central management server). in this case.
Additionally, we can export the universe to a central repository in case we are using a secured connection. Secure connections are saved in the repository.
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In my project, we were using secured connection as we were working in a team and also the reports had to be shared between the cross-functional team.
We had to create BO reports over the IDT universe and publish these reports. When it comes to a live project, the secured connection is the best kind of connection to use because here we can limit the access to different users. Also, secured connection can be accessed from different servers.
The last and main reason of using secured connection is that since it is saved in a repository, so if your requirement is to publish the reports over repository, you will have to use a secured connection.
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A universe is a logical layer between backend and a front end of the reporting. It is a metadata layer which isolates the technical complexities of the source system from business user/report developer.
In the universe, the required attributes and measures are picked up from the backend and arranged in a way we want to use them further for reporting. In my project, we used to create IDT universe on top of calculation views developed in HANA. These IDT universes were further utilized to create BO reports.
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In IDT, the universes get created with “.unx” extension. It is stored in the form of a file.
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Once universe is created, we publish the universe using a secured connection and then import the universe in BO to make a report on top of it.
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The reason for opting webi was its user-friendly interface, the better way of presentations, ad-hoc analysis and advanced reporting capabilities. These features are lacking in other reporting tools like crystal reports, BeX analyzer, and WAD.
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Yes, I did encounter the scenario of a chasm trap in one of my assignments.
In a universe based upon a dimensional schema, we could have a dimension table joined with 2 fact tables so that both of them are one-to-many joins (F >- D -< F).
In such a situation, if we have a tendency to drag a measure from each of the fact tables in conjunction with attributes from dimension table, the value of the measures within the fact tables are inflated.
This condition is understood as chasm trap. The chasm trap shows you misleading figures in the report which can impact management decision making. Thus, the condition of chasm trap should be avoided/resolved.
To resolve chasm trap: Go to Universe Parameters -> SQL -> Multiple paths -> check the options – ‘multiple SQL statements for each context’ and ‘multiple SQL statements for each measure’. And uncheck the option – ‘allow selection of multiple contexts’.
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In a universe structure, we might have three tables joined in such a manner that the first table contains a one to many join with the second table which successively contains a one to many join with the third table (A -< B -< C). ]
In such a state of affairs, if a measure is contained within the second table and it’s dragged in conjunction with any dimension from the third table, the value of the measure is going to be inflated. Such a condition is thought as a fan trap.
A fan trap is resolved by making an alias of the second table and shaping contexts so that, the conventional table is joined solely with the first table, whereas the alias is joined with both the first and the third table. We’d take second table’s measure solely from the conventional table and alternative dimensions of the second table from the alias table.
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We have two such methods in BO:
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We will go with business objects explorer in this case. It acts like a business objects search engine. We can search anything through a keyword search box in the explorer and all the information spaces appear in the result where that particular keyword exists.
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It is called as ‘BI workspaces’ in BO BI 4.0 platform.
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There are many users who are comfortable in using only Microsoft office products. They need business reports in Microsoft office products like Microsoft excel and all. For those users, we have SAP BO Live office tool.
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No, it is not necessary for a company to buy all the tools that come under SAP BO platform. SAP provides the customization packages under which the company can buy only the tools which are needed.
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The different data source scan is SAP BW, OLAP, application database, customer database, Text file, XML file and Web service.
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The universes which are designed in UDT are UNV universes whereas the universes which are designed in IDT are UNX universes. In UDT we don’t have multi-resource universes enabled whereas in IDT we have this option. IDT is enhanced and more organized as compared to UDT.
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No, the tools like crystal report for Enterprises, Dashboards, BO explorer does not support UNV universe (designed by UDT). It supports only UNX universe (designed by IDT). Web Intelligence is the only tool which supports both the universes – UNV and UNX.
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Yes Design Studio supports all OLAP features that BW provides – time dependent hierarchy, attributes, etc.
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A Personal connection is created by one user and cannot be used by other users. The connection details are stored in PDAC.LSI file.
A shared connection can be used by other users through a shared server. The connection details are stored in SDAC.LSI file in the Business Objectsinstallation folder. However one cannot set rights and securities on objects in a shared connection. Neither can a Universe to exported to repository using a shared connection.
A secured connection overcomes these limitations. Through it rights can be set on objects and documents. Universes can be exported to the central repository only through a secured connection. The connection parameters in this case are saved in the CMS.
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In a universe structure, we may have 3 tables joined in such a way that, the 1st table has a one to many join with the 2nd table, which in turn has a one to many join with the 3rd table(A -< B -< C). In such a scenario, if a measure is present in the 2nd table and it is dragged along with any dimension from the 3rd table, the value of the measure will be inflated. Such a condition is known as a fan trap.
A fan trap is solved by creating an alias of the 2nd table and defining contexts such that, the normal table is joined only with the first table, while the alias is joined with both the 1st and the 3rd table. We would take 2nd table’s measure only from the normal table and other dimensions of the 2nd table from the alias table
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If a data warehouse is based on the Kimball model, it is a dimensional schema. In a universe built on that DW, for a fan trap to occur in such a schema, we require direct join between two fact tables, which is against the principles of dimensional modeling.
On the other hand in a data warehouse based on Inmon model, it is a normalized schema. Though in such a case, universes are generally designed on Data Marts, which are dimensional schemas (where fan traps should not occur). However, if a universe is built on the DW (for the purpose of operational reporting), then a fan trap can occur in that universe
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The 2 approaches are as follows:
Aggregate tables are built in the database, which contains the dimension fields(not foreign keys) along with the aggregated measures. In the universe they are present as standalone tables, i.e they are not joined with any dimensions. Aggregate aware function is used to define both the dimensions and measures of such tables.
No aggregate tables are built in the database level. They contain the normal fact table at different granularities. In the universe, aggregate aware is used only to define the measures and aggregate incompatibility is set accordingly.
The first approach is better in terms of performance, since for the higher levels of aggregation, all the information is obtained for a single table. However, a large scale implementation of this approach in a dimensional schema is difficult. In most BI projects, the second approach is preferred.
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Design Studio 1.1 can connect to BW and HANA as backend systems. Plan to connect to other data sources such as universes in the future releases.
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This is planned for releases after 1.2 in backlog.
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With 1.1 do not have; with 1.2 will not have geo maps; partner using SDK could do that but beta program has just started.
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1.2 via SDK via web services; or use transient provider today (ehp 5 ECC 6.0 or higher)
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Works with IE9 – check the PAM or perhaps put in a support ticket.
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Yes, exactly; technology is HTML5 and can deploy on mobile devices. Deploy on iPhone, iPad, or Mobile BI solution
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Yes will work with other browsers. For IE need 9 for runtime – check PAM
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DS is HTML5 based and Dashboard has provided HTML5 version – answered before, will become one tool in long-time. DS is optimized for BW and HANA and will offer support for universes.
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Yes this is planned for the future as Design Studio is a successor to WAD
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2 options – 1 for end users use the Mobile BI solution using the Bi platform, category mobile to DS application then see it on the MobI app. Developers can do it locally using QR codes
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Cannot generally say limit for that – not like Xcelsius limitation. DS uses BICS interface to connect to BW / HANA (analytic/calc views) –
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Calc views can be a data source too
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If asking about defined BW – do not have – planned for 1.3 release. if jump from one app to another, can use opendoc link today
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Ingo Hilgefort‘s Design Studio book is only available on the Kindle – you can download a Kindle reader for PC, Cloud reader, iPad, etc.
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A derived table is present only in the universe level, while a view is created in data base level. Generally views are preferred since, in its case the onus of calculation remains on the database and it does not load the BO server. However, in cases where developers do not have access to database, derived table is the only solution.
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We can access one derived table from another using the function @derived_table. The syntax is:
@derived_table(Derived Table Name)
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An extended prompt syntax is available since BO 3.1. It is as follows
@Prompt( ’message’, ‘type’, [lov],
mono/multi,
free/constrained/primary_key,
persistent/not_persistent,
{‘default value’:’default key’} )
If the indexes for the dimension object is defined in the universe and we define the prompt condition on the object with the clause ‘primary key’ in place of free or constrained, then the filter condition will convert the prompt values entered to their corresponding indexes and eliminate the join with the dimension table
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A condition object is a filter condition created in the universe level. When this object is dragged in the Query Panel, the filter condition appears in the query SQL.
However a query filter exists in the report only. It is added during building a query. This also appears in the query SQL
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After creating a link if the ‘Include’ button is clicked then the tables from core universe are permanently copied into the derived universe and the link is severed
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When Web Intelligence is in Interactive mode, one can create variables, input controls, add report filters, tables and charts in the view mode itself. This is not possible in the normal Java report panel.
The advantage of interactive mode is for power users, who want to do further manipulations on an existing report. Since, it does not allow user to modify queries or existing variables in the report, but allows doing the above mentioned activities on top of the report, it provides a very good means for analysis by the power users without changing the core report in any way.
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Input context consists of any dimension objects that need to be included directly in the calculation itself.
Output context consists of one or more dimension objects that determine the aggregation level at which the calculation is displayed.
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The corresponding function is Pos(). The syntax is:
Pos( string input_string; string pattern )
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We have to use the NoFilter() function. When we put the expression within NoFilter(), it overrides any report filter as well as ranking applied in report level. The syntax is :
NoFilter( expression )
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We have to use context Operator In along with keyword report. This will give the total sum of the measure in row level(and anywhere in the report). The expression will be like:
Sum( Measure In Report )
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Only ‘List Builder’ gives the option of multiple selection in Xcelcius. We select multiple rows from the input list and add them to the output list using Add button. The output list gives the selection parameter
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We can use ‘Swf Loader’ as well as ‘Slideshow’ components for linking multiple dashboards. ‘Swf Loader’ can open swf files only, while ‘Slideshow’ can open both swf files and image files.
For presentation purposes, we often need text and images. Hence these are embedded in image files are added to a ‘Slideshow’ along with dashboard outputs. Moreover ‘Swf Loader’ can only open swf through ‘Push Button’ or selector components, whereas ‘Slideshow’ has a feature of automatic slide transition, which loads the image and swf files in the specified sequence. Hence, ‘Slideshow’ is the only feasible option for a complete presentation.
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There are 3 ways in which Xcelcius can access data from the universe:
Query as a Web Service: Using Query as a Web Service tool, we can create a queries from the universe along with filter condition. The QAAWS qury panel is similar to the WebIntelligence query panel. In Xcelcius dashboard, we can create a QAAWS connection that would point to a particular Query and import the data into the excel data sheet of the xlf
Business Intelligence Web Service: In this method, we can use the output of a report directly in the Xcelcius dashboard. Using Webi Rich Client, we export the report to repository, then select a block from the report, right click and select Publish as Web Service option. However BIWS does not have a connection of its own. We access this BIWS through a QAAWS connection only.
LiveOffice: LiveOffice is an additional component that needs to be installed. This creates a sort of plugin for all MS Office applications, though which they can access data from Web Intelligence reports. I MS Excel, we can launch the Live Office Insert Wizard by Insert -> Web Intelligence Content. We can use this wizard to add selective content from a webi report. In the Xcelcius dashboard, a Live Office connection is created andwe access this Live Office excel sheet though thi connection
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It has 2 uses:
The Scope of Analysis pane sets the limit of drill down in the report. Suppose we have a hierarchy defined in 3 levels, but if we set the scope of analysis is set to 2 levels, the report will not be able to drill down to the 3rd level. We can also remove objects showing in the scope of analysis pane and limit the drill down
If the analysis level is set to custom, the objects from existing hierarchies can be dragged in the scope of analysis panel to set the scope for drilldown in the report. This has an advantage that we can drill down to more than 3 levels, which is not possible in the normal level setting, since it is up to 3 only.
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In this case we should use the RunningSum() function. The syntax is:
RunningSum( [measure] ; [Row|Col] ; [ (reset_dimensions) ] )
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The choice of query or report filter has to take in consideration the performance of the report.
Suppose we have report where are multiple tabs having different objects requiring same or different filter conditions, it is advisable to use a Query Filter.
In case where there are multiple tabs having same objects, but with slightly differing filter conditions, it is advisable to fetch the whole data in the query and then apply report filters to the various tabs to get the desired data instead of using separate queries for each tab.
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Design Studio 1.1 can connect to BW and HANA as backend systems. Plan to connect to other data sources such as universes in the future releases.
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Yes Design Studio supports all OLAP features that BW provides – time dependent hierarchy, attributes, etc.
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1.2 via SDK via web services; or use transient provider today (ehp 5 ECC 6.0 or higher)
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This is a very high rated in Idea Place – planning to do this in 1.3 next year – can’t promise though
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With 1.1 do not have; with 1.2 will not have geo maps; partner using SDK could do that but beta program has just started.
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Subset of JavaScript languages; if you know JavaScript you should be fine; provide content assistance with CTRL-SPACE – see help.sap.com for tutorials and examples. Complex coding – need JavaScript know-how to do that.
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With current planning the answer is no as Design Studio is the premium alternative to WAD/Xcelsius and VC is different technolgoy
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DS is HTML5 based and Dashboard has provided HTML5 version – answered before, will become one tool in long-time. DS is optimized for BW and HANAand will offer support for universes.
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2 options – 1 for end users use the Mobile BI solution using the Bi platform, category mobile to DS application then see it on the MobI app. Developers can do it locally using QR codes
Is there a data size limit using Design Studio?
Cannot generally say limit for that – not like Xcelsius limitation. DS uses BICS interface to connect to BW / HANA (analytic/calc views) –
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If asking about defined BW – do not have – planned for 1.3 release. if jump from one app to another, can use opendoc link today
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Ingo Hilgefort‘s Design Studio book is only available on the Kindle – you can download a Kindle reader for PC, Cloud reader, iPad, etc.
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In this case we should use the RunningSum() function. The syntax is:
RunningSum( [measure] ; [Row|Col] ; [ (reset_dimensions) ] )
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The choice of query or report filter has to take in consideration the performance of the report.
Suppose we have report where are multiple tabs having different objects requiring same or different filter conditions, it is advisable to use a Query Filter.
In case where there are multiple tabs having same objects, but with slightly differing filter conditions, it is advisable to fetch the whole data in the query and then apply report filters to the various tabs to get the desired data instead of using separate queries for each tab.
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There are two different methods related with multidimensional analysis available inside BO and these methods are
Slice & Dice
Drill down
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The result of the query is the final report. A report is a business representation of the data.
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There are various different kinds of users associated with business object, they are
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We would choose SAP BO Dashboards in this scenario.
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There are various kinds of data providers available for the business objects and they are
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This is a kind of analysis mode associated with business objects and helps in breaking down data as well as in viewing data from all the possible angles and the levels of detail for discovering the factor that has caused good – bad result.
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Personal connection can be created only by a single user and it can’t be made used by others. The details regarding such a connection can be usually stored inside PDAC.LSI file.
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There are three different kinds of connections available:
Personal connection is the one which can be used by you only i.e. this connection is available to only the user who creates it. No other user has access to use this connection. We have a PDAC.LSI file where the connection details are kept in case of a personal connection.
Next, comes is the shared connection where all the users can access the connection. We have a shared server in this case and the connection details are kept in SDAC.LSI file.
The limitation of shared connection is that we can’t establish rights & permissions over the objects. Also, we cannot export the universe to a central repository in case we are using a shared connection.
The last type of connection available is secured connection which can be shared between the users and we can also set rights & permissions in CMS (central management server). in this case.
Additionally, we can export the universe to a central repository in case we are using a secured connection. Secure connections are saved in the repository.
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This is a kind of connection that is usually made used by other user via a server which is shared one. The details regarding the connection can be stored within the SDAC>LSI file which can be found within the installation folder of the business objects.
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In my project, we were using secured connection as we were working in a team and also the reports had to be shared between the cross-functional team.
We had to create BO reports over the IDT universe and publish these reports. When it comes to a live project, the secured connection is the best kind of connection to use because here we can limit the access to different users. Also, secured connection can be accessed from different servers.
The last and main reason of using secured connection is that since it is saved in a repository, so if your requirement is to publish the reports over repository, you will have to use a secured connection.
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Secured connection is a kind of connection that can be helpful in overcoming the various limitations associated with the former connections. The rights related with this kind of connection can be set over documents as well as objects. Universes can be brought inside central repository only by making use of secured connection. The parameters regarding these connection care usually saved inside CMS.
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A universe is a logical layer between backend and a front end of the reporting. It is a metadata layer which isolates the technical complexities of the source system from business user/report developer.
In the universe, the required attributes and measures are picked up from the backend and arranged in a way we want to use them further for reporting. In my project, we used to create IDT universe on top of calculation views developed in HANA. These IDT universes were further utilized to create BO reports.
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The custom hierarchies can be used for defining the universe for facilitating drill down that is customised and can happen between objects from different or same classes considering the user requirements.
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In IDT, the universes get created with “.unx” extension. It is stored in the form of a file.
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The custom hierarchies can be created by following the path tools ->hierarchies in BO designer.
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Context can be defined as the particular path of join between a specific group of joins or the tables for the purpose of a particular query. A particular object that can be found inside the column of a table, belonging to particular context is supposed to be compatible to all the various kinds of objects belonging to the same context. In the case of objects that are from the various kinds of context, different kinds of SQL can be generated, and the results can be merged inside micro cube. This is for making sure that there is no incorrect result associated with a loop or any other kind of issue related with join path.
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Once universe is created, we publish the universe using a secured connection and then import the universe in BO to make a report on top of it.
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Context can be created by making use of feature associated with context or by manual procedures. The context are usually created by making use of logical calculation or based on the business requirements. The detect context may not be much useful in this case and so it should be done by making use of manual procedure.
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The reason for opting webi was its user-friendly interface, the better way of presentations, ad-hoc analysis and advanced reporting capabilities. These features are lacking in other reporting tools like crystal reports, BeX analyzer, and WAD.
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Chasm trap is a condition that arises when the values inside the fact table get inflated at the time of measuring the values from two different fact tables by considering the dimensions inside dimension table.
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Chasm trap should be solved by making use of two different methods.
In the case of SQL parameters in universe, the option generates numerous queries for each and every measure that needs to be chosen. This helps in generating SQL statement for every measure and gives the correct results.
Another approach is to include two joints in different contexts, where the problem will get solved by generating two synchronized queries.
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We have two such methods in BO:
Slice and Dice method
Drill down method
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Using SQL queries from the database level, Derived tables are created in the universe. The columns of the derived table will be the columns selected in the query. Derived table can be used in the complex calculations which are difficult to be achieved in the report levels. Using a dblink, tables can be accessed from a different schema, is another use of derived tables.
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User objects is a universe of classes and objects which is created by the universe designer. Once the objects consisted in the universe does not matches your necessities, then the user can create his own objects called User objects.
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The @functions are:
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The @prompt function asks the end user to enter any specific values. The Visual Basics for applications macro’s results will be recovered by using @Script function. An existing statements SELECT statement can be re-used by using @Select function. For a name or variable, the value assigned to it will be referenced using @Variable. An existing object’s where clause can be re-used by @Where functions.
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There are three Domains in Business Objects and they are:
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Using @Derived_table function, we can access one derived table from another. The syntax is as ,
@derived_table(the derived table name)
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Slice works with the master or detail reports and it is used to rename, reset and delete the blocks.
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Slice: It renames, reset and delete the blocks. It works with the master/detail report.
Dice: It displays the data and removes the data. It turns the crosstabs and tables into c harts and vice versa.
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We will go with business objects explorer in this case. It acts like a business objects search engine. We can search anything through a keyword search box in the explorer and all the information spaces appear in the result where that particular keyword exists.
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Large blocks of data can be split into sections by using master/detail report. Repeating values can be avoided by using this and also the subtotals can be displayed.
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The class can be defined as a collection of objects in a universe. Subclasses can be derived from classes and using these classes and the subclasses, we can create a hierarchy.
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There are three approaches available for linking the universes and they are:
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Data mining is the process through which you can extract the required details from the database, which can be made used for making conclusions.
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Drill modes helps to analyze data from different angles and different state of details. The available Drill modes are;
Drill up.
Drill down.
Drill by.
Drill through.
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when we have a same fact tables in different grains,we use aggregate_awarness function to define one object for measures in fact tables.the syntax is as,
@aggregate_aware(highest_level.lower level)
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A one to many join links to a table which respond with another one to many join links is called fan trap.
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The query or the data source is called as the data provider.
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Context is created when the dimension objects are present in one or both fact tables.
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Only the users within the group can be accessed in this mode.
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There are five different schemas supported by Business Objects designer and they are:
star schema.
Snowflake schema
Multistar schema
Normalized production schema.
Data warehouse with aggregates.
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Channel is a website with ‘push’ technology. It is to make the users know up-to-date information. Each and every Business Objects channel will be associated with a broadcast agent, who can have several channels.
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User objects are not shared with other end users. It is stored in a specific user object definition file. So if any end-user tries to refresh or edit the query contains another user’s user object, it will be automatically cleaned and removed.
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The tasks consists of,
Designing the universe.
Creating the universe.
Maintaining the universe.
Distributing the universe
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The main components it consists of are:
The table browser.
The structure pane.
The universe pane.
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To maintain the version documents according to the user profiles, we use report bursting.
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Web intelligence is a solution that is specialized in supporting the decisions related with queries, reports and analysis.
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Decision Support Systems.
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To automatically extract structural information from database or from a flat file we use a script known as strategy.
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It is a set of objects and classes.these objects and clss es will be intended for an application or a group of users.
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Secured mode restricts the access of specific users over specific commands.
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Using drill by we can move to other hierarchy and analyze the other data, which belongs to another hierarchy.
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It is file which contains the data values associated with an object.
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There are many users who are comfortable in using only Microsoft office products. They need business reports in Microsoft office products like Microsoft excel and all. For those users, we have SAP BO Live office tool.
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No, it is not necessary for a company to buy all the tools that come under SAP BO platform. SAP provides the customization packages under which the company can buy only the tools which are needed.
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The different data source scan is SAP BW, OLAP, application database, customer database, Text file, XML file and Web service.
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The universes which are designed in UDT are UNV universes whereas the universes which are designed in IDT are UNX universes. In UDT we don’t have multi-resource universes enabled whereas in IDT we have this option. IDT is enhanced and more organized as compared to UDT.
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No, the tools like crystal report for Enterprises, Dashboards, BO explorer does not support UNV universe (designed by UDT). It supports only UNX universe (designed by IDT). Web Intelligence is the only tool which supports both the universes – UNV and UNX.
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Data Services includes the following standard components:
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There are many advantages in making use of business objects and they are
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There are many advantages of business objects
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There are various kinds of products related with business objects and they are
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We have the following type of tools under SAP BO BI 4.0:
Administrator tools
Business User tools – Business user tools are the ones intended for a business user (example –HR manager or a financial manager of any organization) which help them to view and manage business reports to aid them in a decision-making process.
Data manager tools – They are used to design a sematic layer between the designer tool and its source of data.
Designer tools – It provides the facility to design a query based on your reporting requirement.
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Designer is a module related with Business Objects IS used by the designers for creating and maintaining universes. Universes can be considered as semantic layer that can isolate the end users from the various issues that are technical and related with the structure of database. Universe designers has the possibility for distributing the universes to the end users after moving these as file through the system of files or can be done by exporting the files to the repository.
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This can be achieved through BI launch pad.
BI launch pad is a SAP BO BI 4.0 business user tool used for broadcasting the reports. It provides an interface to the SAP BO business intelligence platform repository that enables us to navigate to view & manage our business intelligence documents. It is a web based application/portal from where we can access the reports and organize the reports as per our need.
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There are especially two different kinds of modes associated with these platforms, they are
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We would go with ‘SAP crystal reports for enterprise’ in this case as it gives very powerful formatting options.
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It is called as ‘BI workspaces’ in BO BI 4.0 platform.
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