Here we have mentioned most frequently asked SAP BIBW Interview Questions and Answers specially for freshers and experienced.
1. What is SAP BW/BI? What is the purpose of SAP BW/BI?
Ans:
SAP BW/BI stands for Business Information Warehouse, also known as business intelligence. For any business, data reporting, analyses and interpretation of business data is very crucial for running business smoothly and making decision. SAP BW/BI manage the data and enables to react quickly and in line with the market. It enables the user to analyze data from operative SAP applications as well as from other business.
2. In SAP BW/BI what are the main areas and activities?
Ans:
a) Data Warehouse: Integrating, collecting and managing entire company’s data.
b) Analyzing and Planning: Using the data stored in data warehouse
c) Reporting: BI provides the tools for reporting in web-browser, Excel etc.
d) Broad cast publishing: To send the information to the employees using email, fax etc.
e) Performance: Performance of the company
f) Security: Securing the access like using SAP logon tickets from portal
3. What is data Integrity?
Ans:
Data integrity is to eliminate duplicate entries in the database.
4. What is table partition?
Ans:
Table partition is done to manage the huge data to improve the efficiency of the applications. The partition is based on 0CALMONTH and 0FISCPER. There are two type of partitioning that is done
a) Database partitioning
b) Logical partitioning
5. What is data flow in BW/BI?
Ans:
Data flows from a transactional system to the analytical system (BW). DS ( Data Service) on the transactional system needs to be replicated on BW side and attached to infosource and update rules respectively.
6. What is ODS (Operational Data Store)?
Ans:
‘Operational Data Store’ or ‘ODS’ is used for detailed storage of data. It is a BW architectural component that appears between PSA ( Persistent Staging Area) and infocubes, it allows BEX (Business Explorer) reporting. It is primarily used for detail reporting rather than dimensional analysis, and it is not based on the star schema. ODS (Operational Data Store) objects do not aggregate data as infocubes do. To load the data into an IDS object, new records are inserted, existing records are updated, or old records are deleted as specified by RECORDMODE value.
7. What is an ‘Infocube’?
Ans:
‘Infocube’ is structured as the star schema and it is a data storage area. To create an infocube, you require 1 ‘fact table’ surrounded by 4 dimensions. The ‘fact table’ is surrounded by different dim table, which are linked with DIM’ ids. And as per the data, you will have aggregated data in the cubes.
8. How many tables does info cube contain?
Ans:
Info cubes contain two tables, Fact table and Dimensions table.
9. Mention what are the maximum number of dimensions in info cubes?
Ans:
In info cubes, there are 16 dimensions ( 3 sap defined and 1 customer defined)
10. What is the difference between ODS and Info-cubes?
Ans:
The difference between ODS and Info-cubes are
a) ODS has a key while Info-cubes does not have any key
b) ODS contains detailed level data while Info-cube contains refined data
c) Info-cube follows Star Schema (16 dimensions) while ODS is a flat file structure
d) There can be two or more ODS under a cube, so cube can contain combined data or data that is derived from other fields in the ODS
11. What is the dimension in BW? How would you optimize the dimensions?
Ans:
A dimension in BW is a collection of reference information about a measurable event in data warehousing. In this context, events are known as “facts”. For example, a customer dimension’s attributes could include first and last name, gender, birth date etc. To optimize the dimensions, do not add most dynamic characteristics into the same dimension and make the dimension smaller. Also, define as many dimensions as possible, and the dimension should not exceed 20% of the fact table size.
12. What are info objects?
Ans:
Characteristics and key figures will be called as info objects. ‘Info-objects’ are similar to fields of the source system, data based on which we organize data in different info provider in BW.
13. What is modelling?
Ans:
Designing of data base is done by using modelling. The design of DB (Data Base) depends on the schema, and schema is defined as the representation of tables and their relationship.
14. What is extended star schema?
Ans:
Star Schema comprises of Fact tables and Dimension Tables, while the table that consists the Master data are kept in separate tables. These separate tables for Master data are referred as Extended Star Schema.
15. What are the extractors and mention their types?
Ans:
To extract data from the system program is used which is known as Extractor. The types of extractors in BW are:
a) Application Specific: BW content FI, HR, CO, SAP CRM, LO cockpit
b) Customer-Generated Extractors: LIS, FI-SL, CO-PA
c) Cross Application (Generic Extractors) : DB View,Infoset, Function Module
16. What is a ‘Fact Table’?
Ans:
Fact table is the collection of facts and relations that mean foreign keys with the dimension. Actually fact table holds transactional data.
17. What are the data types for the characteristics info object?
Ans:
There are 4 types
a) CHAR
b) NUMC
c) DATS
d) TIMS
18. What is the use of the process chain?
Ans:
The use of the process chain is to automate the data load process. It automates the process like Data load, Indices creation, Deletion, Cube compression etc. Process chains are only to load your data’s.
19. What are the transaction codes or T-codes for Info-objects?
Ans:
The T-codes for Info-Cubes are
a) LISTCUBE: List viewer for InfoCubes
b) LISTSCHEMA: Show InfoCube schema
c) RSDCUBE, RSDCUBED, RSDCUBEM: Start InfoCube editing
20. What is the maximum number of key figures and characteristics?
Ans:
The maximum number of key figures is 233 and characteristics are 248.
21. How can you convert an info package group into the process chain?
Ans:
You can convert package group into a process chain by double clicking on the info package group, then you have to click on the ‘ Process Chain Maint ‘ button where you have to type the name and description, this will insert individual info packages automatically.
22. Can an Info-object be an Info-provider?
Ans:
Yes, info-object can be an info-provider. In order to do this, you have to right click on the Info Area and select ” Insert characteristics as data target”.
23. What is multi-provider in SAP BI ? What are the features of Multiproviders?
Ans:
Multi-provider is a type of info-provider that contains data from a number of info-providers and makes it available for reporting purposes.
a) Multi-provider does not contain any data.
b) The data comes entirely from the info providers on which it is based.
c) The info-providers are connected to one another by union operations.
d) Info-providers and Multi-providers are the objects or views relevant for reporting.
e) A multi-provider allows you to run reports using several info-providers that are, it is used for creating reports for one or more than one info-provider at a time.
24. What is Conversion Routine?
Ans:
Conversion routine is used to convert data types from internal format to external format or display format.
25. Explain the difference between the Start routine and Conversion routine?
Ans:
In the ‘start routine’, you can modify the data packages, when data is loading. While conversion of routine, usually refers to routines bound to info objects for conversion of internal and display format.
26. How to un-lock objects in Transport Organizer?
Ans:
To unlock the objects in transport organizer, go to SE03à Request TaskàUnlock objects. When you enter your request and select unlock and execute, it will unlock the request.
27. What is update or transfer routine?
Ans:
The update routine is used to define Global Data and Global Checks. They are defined as the object level. It is like the Start Routine.
28. What are the types of Multi-providers?
Ans:
The types of Multi-providers are
a) Homogeneous Multiproviders: It consists of technically identical info-providers, such as infocubes with exactly the same characteristics and key figures.
b) Heterogeneous Multiproviders: These info-providers only have a certain number of characteristics and key figures. It can be used for the modelling of scenarios by dividing them into sub-scenarios. Each sub-scenario is represented by its own info-provider.
29. What are the transaction codes for process chain?
Ans:
a) RSPC: Process Chain Maintenance
b) RSPC1: Process Chain Display
c) RSPCM: Monitor daily process chains
d) RZ20: To see log for process chains
30. Explain what is the T.code for Data Archival and what is the advantage?
Ans:
SARA is the T.code,and its advantage is minimizes space, query performance and load performance.
31. What is BEx Map in SAP BI?
Ans:
BEx Map is BW’s Geographical Information System (GIS). BEx Map is one of the characteristics for SAP BI, and it gives the geographical information like customer, customer sales region and country.
32. What is B/W statistics and how it is used?
Ans:
The sets of cubes delivered by SAP are used to measure performance for query, loading data etc. B/W statistics as the name suggests is useful in showing data about the costs associated with the B/W queries, OLAP, aggregative data etc. It is useful to measure the performance of how quickly the queries are calculated or how quickly the data is loaded into BW.
33. What is the data target administration task?
Ans:
Data target administration task includes
a) Delete Index
b) Generate Index
c) Construct database statistics
d) Complete deletion of data target
e) Compression of the info-cube etc.
34. What are the options when defining aggregates?
Ans:
a) *- Groups according to characteristics
b) H- Hierarchy
c) F-Fixed Value
d) Blank-None
35. What do you mean by the term ‘slowly changing dimension’?
Ans:
Dimensions that changes with time are called slowly changing dimensions.
36. Explain how you can create a connection with LIS Info Structures?
Ans:
To create a connection with LIS info-structure, LBW0 connects LIS info-structures to BW.
37. What are the delta options available when load from flat file?
Ans:
Three options are available for delta management with flat files
1) Full upload
2) New status for changed records
3) Additive delta
38. What are the steps within SAP BI to create classes for BW?
Ans:
To create classes or nodes for BW you have to follow the following steps,
a) Click on post-processing of data sources
b) Execute/Click on IMG activity
c) Select BW or any desired node
d) Click on context menu
e) Press F6 or select “Create node”
After following these steps, a new dialog box will appear, where you can insert your node or class for BW.
39. What is data ware-housing hierarchy?
Ans:
To define data aggregation hierarchy can be used. It is a logical structure that use ordered levels as a means of organizing data. For instance, by using time dimension hierarchy, it is possible to aggregate data from the month level to the quarter level to the year level.
40. How will you debug errors with SAP GUI ?
Ans:
To debug errors in SAP GUI you have to follow the path
a) Run Bexanalyzer
b) Business Explorer menu item
c) Installation check
This will show an Excel sheet with start button, on clicking on it, it will verify the GUI installation and if there is any error you can fix it or either re-install it.
41. SAP BW/BI Characteristics
Ans:
Criteria | Result |
Functionality | Data warehousing and reporting tool |
Comprehensive tool | Seamless integration of back-end, analysis and interpretation |
42. Define SAP BW/BI?
Ans:
SAP BW/BI is a Business Information Warehouse, also called as business intelligence. It allows the user to examine information from operative SAP applications also from other business
43. What are the main areas and activities in SAP/BI?
Ans:
a) Data Warehouse: Integrating, collecting and managing entire company’s data.
b) Analyzing and Planning: Using the data stored in data warehouse.
c) Broad cast publishing: To send the information to the employees using email, fax etc.
d) Reporting: BI provides the tools for reporting in web-browser, excel etc
44. Define data Integrity?
Ans:
It is used to omit replicated entries in the database.
45. Define table partition?
Ans:
It is done to maintain the large data to ensure the capacity of the application. There are two type of partitioning that is done
a) Logical partitioning
b) Database partitioning
46. What are the features of multi provider?
Ans:
a) It doesn’t contain any type of data.
b) The data comes completely from the information which is provided.
c) By union operations the info providers are connected.
Data flows from a transactional system to the analytical system (BW). DS ( Data Service) on the transactional system needs to be replicated on BW side and attached to info source and update rules respectively.Interested in learning SAP BI/BW? Well, check our in-depth Sap Bw Training Courses to get a head start in your career.
47. Define Operational Data Store?
Ans:
ODS is mostly used for large storage of data . It is a BW architectural module that appears between Persistent Staging Area and infocubes.
48. Define an ‘Infocube’?
Ans:
Infocube is a data storage area which has a same structure as that of star schema. If we wish to create a infocube we have to require one fact table surmounted by the four dimensions.
49. How many tables info cube have?
Ans:
It have two tables:
E table and F i.e. fact table
50. What the maximum number of dimensions info cubes contain?
Ans:
In info cubes contain 16 dimensions.
51. Differentiate between ODS and Info-cubes?
Ans:
a) Info cube doesn’t have any key but ODS have.
b) Info-cube contains refined data while ODS contains detailed level data.
c) ODS is a flat file structure while Info-cube follows Star Schema
52. Define dimension in BW?
Ans:
The collection of reference data about a measurable event in data warehousing is known as dimensions in BW.
53. Define info objects?
Ans:
Info-objects are same as that of fields of the source system. Info objects are the characteristics and key figures.
54. Define modelling?
Ans:
Modelling is the term which is used for designing of data base.
55. Define extended star schema?
Ans:
Extended Star Schema is like a star schema in which Master data are kept in a separate tables.
56. Define extractors ?
Ans:
Extractor is the term which is used to dig out the data from the system program.
57. Define Fact Table?
Ans:
Fact tables contain the transactional data. It is a group of relations and facts that is foreign key with the dimensions.
58. How many data types are there in characteristics info object?
Ans:
There are 4 data types:
a) DATS
b) TIMS
c) CHAR
d) NUMC
59. What is the significance of process chain?
Ans:
Process chain basically automates the data. It automate it like data load, deletion, etc.
60. What are the T-codes for Info-cubes?
Ans:
The T-codes for Info-Cubes are
a) LISTSCHEMA: Show InfoCube schema
b) LISTCUBE: List viewer for InfoCubes
c) RSDCUBE, RSDCUBED, RSDCUBEM: Start InfoCube editing
61. Write the maximum number of key figures and characteristics?
Ans:
The maximum number of characteristics are 248 and key figures are 233.
62. Write the types of extractions.
Ans:
a. Cross Application (Generic Extractors) : DB View ,Infoset, Function Module
b. Application Specific: BW content FI, HR, CO, SAP CRM, LO cockpit
c. Customer-Generated Extractors: LIS, FI-SL, CO-PA
63. Can an Info-object be converted into an Info-provider?
Ans:
Yes, an info-object can be converted into an info-provider. To convert this right click on the Info Area and select “ Insert characteristics as data target”.
64. Define multi-provider in SAP BI ? What are the features of Multi providers?
Ans:
It is a type of info-provider which contains data from various info-providers and makes it available for reporting purposes.
65. Define Conversion Routine?
Ans:
It is used to convert data types from internal format to external format.
66. Differentiate between the Start routine and Conversion routine?
Ans:
In the start routine we can modify the data packages, when data is loading, While in conversion routine we can’t modify the data.
67. How we can un-lock objects in Transport Organizer?
Ans:
In transport organizer to unlock the object, go to SE03à , Request TaskàUnlock objects. When you enter your request and select unlock and execute, it will unlock the request.
68. Define update or transfer routine?
Ans:
The transfer routine defines Global Data and Global Checks. It is like the Start Routine.
69. Write the types of Multi-providers?
Ans:
The types of Multi-providers are:
a) Heterogeneous Multi providers: These info-providers only have a few number of characteristics and key figures. It can be used for the modelling of scenarios by dividing them into sub-scenarios. Each sub-scenario is represented by its own info-provider.
b) Homogeneous Multi providers: It consists of technically identical info-providers, such as infocubes with exactly the same characteristics and key figures.
70. Write the transaction codes for process chain?
Ans:
a) RSPCM: Monitor daily process chains
b) RSPC1: Process Chain Display
c) RSPC: Process Chain Maintenance
d) RZ20: To see log for process chains
71. What is the T.code for Data Archival and what is their advantage?
Ans:
T.code is the SARA,and its advantage is to query performance, load performance, minimizes space.
72. Define BEx Map in SAP BI?
Ans:
It is one of the most important characteristics for SAP BI .It gives the geographical information like customer, customer sales region and country.
73. Define B/W statistics and how it is used?
Ans:
B/W statistics is useful in presenting data about the costs linked with the B/W queries, OLAP, aggregative data etc.
74. What do you understand by data target administration task?
Ans:
Data target administration task includes
a) Complete deletion of data target
b) Construct database statistics
c) Generate Index
d) Delete Index
75. Write the options when defining aggregates?
Ans:
a) Blank-None
b) F-Fixed Value
c) H- Hierarchy
d) *- Groups according to characteristics
76. Define the term ‘slowly changing dimension?
Ans:
Slowly changing dimensions is the dimension that changes with time.
77. Tell how we can create a connection with LIS Info Structures?
Ans:
To create a connection with LIS info-structure click on LBW0 it will connects LIS info-structures to BW.
78. Write the delta options available when load from flat file?
Ans:
Three options are available:
- Additive delta
- New status for changed records
- Full upload
79. Write the steps within SAP BI to create classes for BW?
Ans:
To create classes for BW we have to follow the following steps,
a) Click on post-processing of data sources
b) Click on IMG activity
c) Select BW or any desired node you want to select
d) Click on context menu
e) Press F6 or select “Create node”
After following these steps, a new dialog box will appear, where we can insert our node or class for BW.
80. Define data ware-housing hierarchy?
Ans:
TData ware housing is used to define data aggregation hierarchy. It is a logical structure which use ordered levels as a means of organizing data.
81. How we can debug errors with SAP GUI ?
Ans:
To debug errors in SAP GUI we have to follow the path
a) Run Bexanalyzer
b) Business Explorer menu item
c) Installation check
It will show an excel sheet with start button, on clicking on it, it will verify the GUI installation
82. Define compression?
Ans:
It is a procedure used to omit the Request IDs and this saves space.
83. Define Return Tables?
Ans:
When we want to go back to many records, instead of single value, we use the return table in the Update Routine.
84. How many extra partitions are created before and after date?
Ans:
2 partitions are created before the begin date and after the end date.
85. How we can optimize the dimensions?
Ans:
We should explain as many dimensions as we can and we have to take care that no single dimension crosses the limit of more than 20% of the fact table size.
86. What all options are available in transfer rule?
Ans:
Formula
Routine
Constant
InfoObject
87. Define Rollup?
Ans:
Rollup is used to pack new DataPackages into the InfoCube aggregates. It is important to perform Rollup because than in InfoCube data will not be available while reporting on the aggregate.
88. What are the options available in transfer rule?
Ans:
ABAP routine or a Formula
Assign a Constant ,
Assign info object,
89. How the B/W statistics is important?
Ans:
It is important because it is useful in measuring the performance of how quickly the queries are calculated or how quickly the data is loaded into BW.
90. Explain the data target administration task ?
Ans:
The data target administration task are delete index, generate index, construct database statistics, initial fill of new aggregates, etc.
91. How we can transform Open Hub Data?
Ans:
Using BADI we can transform Open Hub data.
92. What is business intelligence?
Ans:
Business intelligence (BI) is a broad category of application programs and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions. BI applications include the activities of decision support, query and reporting, online analytical processing (OLAP), statistical analysis, forecasting, and data mining.
93. What is OLAP?
Ans:
OLAP means Online Analytical Processing. It is a database which contain Historical data and the oldest data which is used to the business people.
It comes from the data you have put in an OLTP database. OLTP means Online Transaction Processing.
94. What is data integrity?
Ans:
Data Integrity is about eliminating duplicate entries in the database. Data integrity means no duplicate data.
95. What is index?
Ans:
Indices/Indexes are used to locate needed records in a database table quickly. BW uses two types of indices, B-tree indices for regular database tables and bitmap indices for fact tables and aggregate tables.
96. What is KPIs (Key Performance Indicators)?
Ans:
1) Predefined calculations that render summarized and/or aggregated information, which is useful in making strategic decisions.
2) Also known as Performance Measure, Performance Metric measures. KPIs are put in place and visible to an organization to indicate the level of progress and status of change efforts in an organization.
KPIs are industry-recognized measurements on which to base critical business decisions.
In SAP BW, Business Content KPIs have been developed based upon input from customers, partners, and industry experts to ensure that they reflect best practices.
97. What is the t-code to see log of transport connection?
Ans:
In RSA1 -> Transport Connection you can collect the Queries and the Role and after this you can transport them (enabling the transport in SE10, import it in STMS
RSA1
Transport connection (button on the left bar menu)
Sap transport -> Object Types (button on the left bar menu)
Find Query Elements -> Query
Find your query
Group necessary object
Transport Object (car icon)
Release transport (SE10 T-code)
Load transport (STMS T-code)
98. Lo; mm inventory data source with marker significance?
Ans:
Marker is as like check point when u upload the data from inventory data source
2lis_03_bx data source for current stock and BF for movement type
after uploading data from BX u should rlise the request in cube or imenn to say compress it then load data from another data source BF and set this updated data to no marker update so marker is use as a check point if u don’t do this u getting data mismatch at bex level bcz system get confuse.
(2LIS_03_BF Goods Movement from Inventory Management– —–Uncheck the no marker update tab)
(2LIS_03_BX Stock Initialization for Inventory Management– —select the no marker update check box)
2LIS_03_UM Revaluations —-Uncheck the no marker update tab) in the infopackege of “collapse”.
99. How can you navigate to see the error idocs?
Ans:
If it is fine check the IDOCs in source system go to BD87->give Ur user ID and date->execute->you can find Red status Idocs select the erroneous Idoc->Rt.click and select Manual process.
You need to reprocess this IDOC which are RED. For this you can take help of Any of your Team (ALE IDOC Team or Basis Team) Or Else
you can push it manually. Just search it in bd87 screen only to reprocess.
Also, try to find why this Idocs are stuck there.
100. Difference between v1, v2, v3 jobs in extraction?
Ans:
V1 Update: whenever we create a transaction in R/3(e.g.Sales Order) then the entries get into the R/3 Tables (VBAK, VBAP..) and this takes place in V1 Update.
V2 Update: V2 Update starts a few seconds after V1 Update and in this update the values get into Statistical Tables, from where we do the extraction into BW.
V3 Update: Its purely for BW extraction.
101. What are statistical update and document update?
Ans:
Synchronous Updating (V1 Update)
The statistics update is made synchronously with the document update. While updating, if problems that result in the termination of the statistics update occur, the original documents are NOT saved. The cause of the termination should be investigated and the problem solved. Subsequently, the documents can be entered again.Radio button: V2 updating
102. Do you have any idea how to improve the performance of the BW..?
Ans:
Asynchronous Updating (V2 Update)
With this update type, the document update is made separately from the statistics update. A termination of the statistics update has NO influence on the document update (see V1 Update).
Radio button: Updating in U3 update program
Asynchronous Updating (V3 Update)
With this update type, updating is made separately from the document update. The difference between this update type and the V2 Update lies, however, with the time schedule. If the V3 update is active, then the update can be executed at a later time.
In contrast to V1 and V2 Updates, no single documents are updated. The V3 update is, therefore, also described as a collective update.
103. How can you decide the query performance is slow or fast?
Ans:
You can check that in RSRT tcode.
execute the query in RSRT and after that follow the below steps
Go to SE16 and in the resulting screen give table name as RSDDSTAT for BW 3.x and RSDDSTAT_DM for BI 7.0 and press enter you can view all the details about the query like time taken to execute the query and the timestamps.
104. What is statistical setup and what is the need and why?
Ans:
Follow these steps to filling the set up table.
1.Go to transaction code RSA3 and see if any data is available related to your DataSource. If data is there in RSA3 then go to transaction code LBWG (Delete Setup data) and delete the data by entering the application name.
2.Go to transaction SBIW –> Settings for Application Specific Datasource –> Logistics –> Managing extract structures –> Initialization –> Filling the Setup table –> Application specific setup of statistical data –> perform setup (relevant application)
3.In OLI*** (for example OLI7BW for Statistical setup for old documents: Orders) give the name of the run and execute. Now all the available records from R/3 will be loaded to setup tables.
4.Go to transaction RSA3 and check the data.
5.Go to transaction LBWE and make sure the update mode for the corresponding DataSource is serialized V3 update.
6.Go to BW system and create infopackage and under the update tab select the initialize delta process. And schedule the package. Now all the data available in the setup tables are now loaded into the data target.
7.Now for the delta records go to LBWE in R/3 and change the update mode for the corresponding DataSource to Direct/Queue delta. By doing this record will bypass SM13 and directly go to RSA7.Go to transaction code RSA7 there you can see green light # Once the new records are added immediately you can see the record in RSA7.
8.Go to BW system and create a new infopackage for delta loads. Double click on new infopackage. Under update tab you can see the delta update radio button..
9.Now you can go to your data target and see the delta record.
105. Why we have construct setup tables?
Ans:
The R/3 database structure for accounting is much more easier than the Logistical structure.
Once you post in a ledger that is done. You can correct, but that give just another posting.
BI can get information direct out of this (relatively) simple database structure.
In LO, you can have an order with multiple deliveries to more than one delivery addresses. And the payer can also be different.
When 1 item (order line) changes, this can have its reflection on order, supply, delivery, invoice, etc.
Therefore a special record structure is built for Logistical reports. and this structure now is used for BI.
In order to have this special structure filled with your starting position, you must run a set-up. From that moment on R/3 will keep filling this LO-database.If you wouldn’t run the setup. BI would start with data from the moment you start the filling of LO (with the logistical cockpit).
106. How can you eliminate the duplicate records in TD, MD?
Ans:
Try to check the system logs through SM21 for the same.
107. What use marker in MM?
Ans:
Marker update is just like check point.
ie it will give the snapshot of the stock on a particular date ie when was the marker updated.
Because we are using Noncumulative key figure it will lot of time to calculate the current stock for example at report time. To overcome this we use marker update.
Marker updates do not summarize the data.. In inventory management scenarios, we have to calculate opening stock and closing stock on a daily basis. In order to facilitate this, we set a marker which will add and subtract the values for each record.
In the absence of marker update, the data will be added up and will not provide the correct values.
108. Tell me web template?
Ans:
You get information on where the web template details are stored from the following tables :
RSZWOBJ Storage of the Web Objects
RSZWOBJTXT Texts for Templates/Items/ Views
RSZWOBJXREF Structure of the BW Objects in a Template
RSZWTEMPLATE Header Table for BW HTML Templates
You can check these tables and search for your web template entry . However, If I understand your question correctly, you will have to open the template in the WAD and then make the corrections in the same to correct it.
109. What is dashboard?
Ans:
A dash board can be created using the web application Designer (WAD) or the visual composer (VC). A dashboard is just a collection of reports, views and links etc in a single view. For e.g. igoogle is a dashboard.
A dashboard is a graphical reporting interface, which displays KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) as charts and graphs. A dashboard is a performance management system when we look at the all organization measures how they are performing with helicopter view, we need a report that teaches and shows the trend in a graphical display quickly. These reports are called as Dashboard Reports, still we can report these measures individually, but by keeping all measures in a single page, we are creating single access point to the users to view all information available to them. Absolutely this will save lot of precious time, gives clarity on decision that needs to be taken, helps the users to understand the measure(s) trend with business flow creating dashboard Dashboards: Could be built with Visual Composer & WAD create your dashboard in BW,
(1) Create all BEx Queries with required variants, tune them perfectly.
(2) Differentiate table queries and graph queries.
(3) Choose the graph type required that meet your requirement.
(4) Draw the layout how the Dashboard page looks like.
(5) Create a web template that has navigational block / selection information.
(6) Keep navigational block fields are common across the measures.
(7) Include the relevant web items into web template.
(8) Deploy the URL/Iview to users through portal/intranet
The steps to be followed in the creation of Dashboard using WAD are summarized as below:
1) Open a New Web template in WAD.
2) Define the tabular layout as per the requirements so as to embed the necessary web items.
3) Place the appropriate web items in the appropriate tabular grids
4) Assign queries to the web items (A Query assigned to a web item is called as a data provider)
5) Care should be taken to ensure that the navigation block’s selection parameters are common across all the BEx queries of the affected data providers.
6) Properties of the individual web items are to be set as per the requirements. They can be modified in Properties window or in the HTML code.
7) The URL when this web template is executed should be used in the portal/intranet.
110. How do we decide what cubes have to be created?
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Its depends on your project requirement. Customized cubes are not mandatory for all the projects. If your business requirement is differs from given scenario (BI content cubes) then only we will opt for customized cubes. Normally your BW customization or creation of new info providers all are depending on your source system. If your source system other that R3 then you should go with customization of your all objects. If your source system is R3 and your users are using only R3 standard business scenarios like SD, MM or FI… etc., then you don’t want to create any info providers or you don’t want to enhance anything in the existing BW Business Content. But 99% this is not possible. Because surely they should have included their new business scenario or new enhancements.
For example, In my first project we implemented for Solution Manager BW implementation. There we have activated all the business content in CRM. But the source systemhave new scenarios for message escalation, ageing calculation etc., according their business scenario we couldn’t use standard business content. For that we have taken only existing info objects and created new info objects which are not there in the business content. After that we have created custom data source to info providers as well as reports.
111. How can you solve the data mismatch tickets between r/3 and BW?
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Check the mapping at BW side for 0STREET in transfer rules. Check the data in PSA for the same field. If the PSA is also doesn’t have complete data then check the field in RSA3 in source system.
112. What is difference between PSA & IDOC?
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BI7 is PSA used only for Data load from Source System into BW
113. About DTP?
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Data Transfer Process:
Data transfer process (DTP) loads data within BI from one object to another object with respect to
transformations and filters. In short, DTP determines how data is transferred between two persistent objects.
It is used to load the data from PSA to data target (cube or ods or infoobject) thus, it replaced the data mart interface and the Info Package.
114. What we do in Business Blue Print Stage?
Ans:
SAP has defined a business blueprint phase to help extract pertinent information about your company that is necessary for implementation. These blueprints are in the form of questionnaires that are designed to probe for information that uncovers how your company does business. As such, they also serve to document the implementation. Each business blueprint document essentially outlines your future business processes and business requirements.
The kinds of questions asked are germane to the particular business function, as seen in the following sample questions:
1) What information do you capture on a purchase order?
2) What information is required to complete a purchase order?
Accelerated SAP question and answer database: The question and answer database (QADB) is a simple although aging tool designed to facilitate the creation and maintenance of your business blueprint. This database stores the questions and the answers and serves as the heart of your blue print. Customers are provided with a customer input template for each application that collects the data. The question and answer format is standard across applications to facilitate easier use by the project team. Issues database: Another tool used in the blueprinting phase is the issues database. This database stores any open concerns and pending issues that relate to the implementation. Centrally storing this information assists in gathering and then managing issues to resolution, so that important matters do not fall through the cracks. You can then track the issues in database, assign them to team members, and update the database accordingly.
115. How do we gather the requirements for an Implementation Project?
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One of the biggest and most important challenges in any implementation is gathering and understanding the end user and process team functional requirements. These functional requirements represent the scope of analysis needs and expectations (both now and in the future) of the end user.
These typically involve all of the following:- Business reasons for the project and business questions answered by the implementation – Critical success factors for the implementation- Source systems that are involved and the scope of information needed from each- Intended audience and stakeholders and their analysis needs- Any major transformation that is needed in order to provide the information- Security requirements to prevent unauthorized use This process involves one seemingly simple task: Find out exactly what the end users’ analysis requirements are, both now and in the future, and build the BW system to these requirements. Although simple in concept, in practice gathering and reaching a clear understanding and agreement on a complete setoff BW functional requirement is not always so simple.
116. Define SAP BW/BI?
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SAP BW/BI is a Business Information Warehouse, also known as business intelligence. It enables the user to examine information from operative SAP applications also from other business
117. What are the main areas and activities in SAP/BI?
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Analyzing and Planning: Using the data stored in data warehouse
- Data Warehouse: Integrating, collecting and managing entire company’s data.
- Reporting: BI provides the tools for reporting in web-browser, excel etc.
- Broad cast publishing: To send the information to the employees using email, fax etc.
118. Define table partition?
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It is done to maintain the large data to ensure the capacity of the application.
Types of partitioning:
Logical partitioning
Database partitioning
119. What are the features of multi provider?
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Features:
It doesn’t contain any type of data.
The data comes completely from the information which is provided.
By union operations the info providers are connected.
120. Define Operational Data Store?
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Operational Data Store is the abbreviation of ODS and is generally used for large storage of data. It is a BW architectural module that appears between Persistent Staging Area and infocubes.
121. Define an ‘Infocube’?
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Infocube is a data storage area which has a same structure as that of star schema. If we wish to create an infocube we have to require one fact table surmounted by the four dimensions.
122. How many tables info cube have?
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It has two tables:
E table
Fact table
123. What the maximum number of dimensions info cubes contain?
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Info cubes contain 16 dimensions.
124. Differentiate between ODS and Info-cubes?
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- Info cube doesn’t have any key but ODS have.
- ODS is a flat file structure while Info-cube follows Star Schema
- Info-cube contains refined data while ODS contains detailed level data.
125. Define dimension in BW?
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The collection of reference data about an assessable event in data warehousing is called as dimensions in BW.
126. Define modeling?
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Modeling is the term which is widely used for designing of data base.
127. Define extended star schema?
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Extended Star Schema is a star schema in which Master data are kept in a separate table.
128. Define extractors?
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Extractors are used to dig out the data from the system program.
129. Define Fact Table?
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Fact tables have the transactional data. It is a group of facts and relations that is foreign key with the dimensions.
130. How many data types are there in characteristics info object?
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There are 4 data types:
DATS
CHAR
NUMC
TIMS
131. What is the significance of process chain?
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Process chain mainly systematizes the data. It automates it like deletion, data load, etc.
132. What are the T-codes for Info-cubes?
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T-codes for Info-Cubes are:
LISTSCHEMA: Show InfoCube schema
LISTCUBE: List viewer for InfoCubes
RSDCUBE, RSDCUBED, RSDCUBEM: Start InfoCube editing
133. Write the maximum number of key figures and characteristics?
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The maximum number of key figures is 233 and characteristics are 248.
134. Write the types of extractions.
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Types of extractions:
Cross Application (Generic Extractors): DB View, Infoset, Function Module
Application Specific: BW content FI, CO, HR, SAP CRM, LO cockpit
Customer-Generated Extractors: LIS, FI-SL, CO-PA
135. Can an Info-object be converted into an Info-provider?
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Yes, an info-object can be converted into an info-provider. To convert these rights click on the Info Area and select “Insert characteristics as data target”.
136. Define multi-provider in SAP BI? What are the features of Multi providers?
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It is a type of info-provider which contains data from several info-providers and makes it available for reporting purposes.
137. Define Conversion Routine?
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Conversion Routine is used to change data types from internal format to external format.
138. Differentiate between the Start routine and Conversion routine?
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Start routine – When data is loading, we can modify the data packages.
Conversion routine – We can’t modify the data.
139. How we can un-lock objects in Transport Organizer?
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In transport organizer to unlock the object, go to SE03à and Request TaskàUnlock objects. When you enter your request and select unlock and execute, it will unlock the request.
140. Define update or transfer routine?
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The transfer routine defines Global Checks and Global Data. It is like the Start Routine.
141. Write the types of Multi-providers?
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Types of Multi-providers are:
Heterogeneous Multi providers: These info-providers have a few numbers of features and key figures. It can be used for the modeling of situations by separating them into sub-scenarios. Each sub-scenario is signified by its own info-provider.
Homogeneous Multi providers: It consists of technically identical info-providers, such as infocubes with exactly the same features and key figures.
142. Write the transaction codes for process chain?
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RSPCM: Monitor daily process chains
RSPC: Process Chain Maintenance
RZ20: To see log for process chains
RSPC1: Process Chain Display
143. Define data Integrity?
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Data Integrity is used to overlook replicated entries in the database.