Advanced Magento Interview Questions and Answers- webbopedia

Magento is one of the best e-commerce solution. Here we have mentioned most frequently asked Magento Interview Questions and Answers specially for freshers and experienced.

1. Mention what is Magento?

Ans:

Magento is an e-commerce platform created on open source technology, which provides online merchants with an exceptional flexibility and control over the content, look and functionality of their e-commerce store.

2. Mention what is the architecture of Magento? What are the different versions of Magento?

Ans:

Magento architecture is a typical PHP MVC (Model-View-Controller)application, where all the Controllers will be in one folder and all theModels in another, etc. Based on their functionality files are grouped together, which are referred as modules in Magento.
Different version of Magento includes

Magento Enterprise
Magento .go
Magento Community

3. Mention what technology does Magento use?

Ans:

Magento use PHP as a web server scripting language and MySQL for database.

4. Mention what is the difference between Mage::getModel() and Mage::getSingletone() in Magento?

Ans:

Mage::getModel(): It always creates a new object
Mage: :getSingleton(): It always look for an existing object and if not then creates a new object

5. Mention what are the basic features of Magento?

Ans:

Basic features of Magento includes

Reporting and Analytics
Product and Catalog Browsing
Customer Accounts
Order Management
Payment
Site Management
Shipping
Search engine optimization
Marketing promotions and tools
Checkout
International Support

6. Mention what is the limitation of Magento?

Ans:

Magento is supported by PHP, comparatively to other e-commerce solutions, Magento might be slow in performance
It becomes a complex system if it is not using object-oriented programming
Magento requires much space and memory

7. Explain how you can enhance the Magento performance?

Ans:

To enhance the Magento performance

Disable the Magento log
Combine external CSS/JS into one file
Disable any unused modules
MySQL Query Caching
Enable Magento caching
Enable Gzip compression
Optimize your image

8. Explain how you can show a certain number of products for guests in Magento?

Ans:

In the toolbar block you will see
app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/Block/Product/List/Toolbar.php
there is a method:
Public function setCollection($collection);
Inside there is a piece of code:

$limit= (int)$this->get Limit();
If ($limit) {
$this ->_collection->setPageSize($limit);
}

You have to change variable $limit; you should override that block in the local pool, not change directly in the core. In order to see whether the customer is a guest, you can use this code
Mage:: getSingleton(‘customer/session’) -> isLoggedIn()

9. Mention what all billing information can be managed through Magento?

Ans:

From the client Magento account, you can do following things

Update your billing address
Add a credit card
View your billing history
Add a PayPal account
Produce a print ready receipt

10. Explain how you can change Magento Core API settings?

Ans:

To change Magento Core API settings, you have to

Go to Admin menu, choose System -> Configuration
Select Magento Core API on the left side of the Configuration Panel, under Services
Tap on to expand the General Settings section and you can
Type the name of the Default Response Charset that you want to use
Determine the Client Session Timeout in seconds
Click the Save Config button when complete

11. Explain how Magento can be made more secure for the client?

Ans:

Best practices for Magento includes

Using a strong password and changing them at regular interval
Disable remote access to Magento Connect Manager
Disable Downloader on production sites
Restrict access to safe IP addresses

12. Mention what is the benefit of applying Connect Patches in Magento?

Ans:

In Magento, applying connect patch

It enables easy installation of packages with installation; it overwrites any existing translations for the same time
For enhancing security, by default Magento Connect uses HTTP to download extensions instead of FTP
With a dash character in the name, extension developers can now create extensions
Magento administrators will be informed now who tries to install an extension with insufficient file system privileges

13. Explain how you can move Magento to another Directory?

Ans:

To move Magento to other Directory you have to follow the following steps.

Suppose you have Magento installed in the following location

http://www.example.com/store/

On visiting your site, you want Magento to be the first thing to come up

http://www.example.com

Let assume you have a directory structure like this

/home/username/public_html/
Which means Magento would be installed here
/home/username/public_html/store/

System -> Configuration -> Web

Update the Secure and Unsecure URL for your store and then link to your site via SSH and then go to the directory, where you will be shifting Magento

cd public_html/

Now, transfer all the files from the store directory to the directory you are in

mv store/* store/.htaccess

Delete the cache data

rm –vf var/cache/

Now Magento is moved to another directory.

14. Explain how you can reset Magento file & Directory permissions?

Ans:

You can reset Magento file & Directory to their default and secure permissions, by following commands from the directory where Magento is installed
find . –type f –exec chmod 644 {} \;
find . –type d –exec chmod 755 {} \;
chmod +x mage

15. Explain how you can configure Magento to work with another domain?

Ans:

To do that, in the admin area, you have to change the Magento Base URL option. To do this, visit to your Magento admin area> System > Configuration and click Web on the left menu. Select the Unsecure option after that edit the base URL field to change the URL that will be used for normal (HTTP) connections.

16. What is Magento?

Ans:

Magento is an ecommerce platform that enables companies to run and manage their ecommerce sites in an optimized way. Magento functions as an open source ecommerce management system. It was first published by a Varien Inc in 2008, before being sold to eBay and ultimately spun off into its own entity. The 2.0 version of Magento arrived in November of 2015 and has improved the platform across the board.

17. Why is Magento valuable for businesses?

Ans:

Magento is valuable for businesses because it gives them a high level of control and flexibility when they are managing the look, functionality, and content of their ecommerce store. The Magento software is both extremely convenient, and extremely effective for running an ecommerce operation.
Further, it has a number of features that make operating an ecommerce site easier compared to other options. Many of these features revolve around how financial transactions are made, and how content can be uploaded and optimized for search engine rankings.

18. What are the different versions of Magento?

Ans:

Magento categorizes their product across multiple offerings:

Magento Commerce
Magento Order Management
Magento Business Intelligence
Magento Shipping
Magento Social
Magento Open Source
Magento 2.2 is on the horizon (ETA September 2017) and it includes new features and improvements such as a new B2B Module, Advanced Reporting, and more. This version is sought after by businesses who want the most current technology.

19. What are some of the top features of Magento?

Ans:

Payment
Reporting and Analytics
Customer Accounts
Product and Catalogue Browsing
Site Management
Search Engine Optimization
Customer Accounts
International Support
Checkout
Marketing Promotion and Tools
Order Management

20. What is MVC Architecture?

Ans:

MVC, or Model, View, Controller, is a type of architecture in which business logic, data access, and user interface are separated for applications. MVC has two different types: configuration-based and convention-based. However, Magento uses the configuration-based version. This means that to get a module’s config file to work, everything must be specified to it.

21. Can you explain the technology that is used by Magento?

Ans:

Magento uses MySQL for database and PHP as a web server scripting language. Specifically, it uses MySQL 5.6 (Percona or Oracle), and PHP 5.4 and 5.5. This technology makes up the core of Magento and is what gives the software its functionality.

22. Are there any limitations to the Magento software?

Ans:

The Magento software is extremely useful and is one of the top ecommerce platforms available on the market. However, it does require a lot of space and memory. Furthermore, it requires object oriented programming in order to prevent turning into a very complex system. Finally, Magento can be slow in terms of performance, at times. However, these limitations are usually not a significant concern in most cases, and the benefits provided by the Magento Software usually far outweigh any potential issues.

23. How do you create a custom module in Magento?

Ans:

In order to create a custom module in Magento, you must first – create a module directory, second – create controller, block, and module files for your module, third – create a module configuration file, and finally, fourth – create an XML file. The purpose of creating an XML file is so that you can enable or disable the module and also instruct the system which code pool that the module will be taken from.

24. How can you improve the performance of Magento?

Ans:

There are a number of things that you can do to enhance and improve Magento performance.

Doing all of the following can improve Magento performance.
Disabling any modules that are not being used
Disabling the Magento log
MySQL Query Caching
Optimizing your image
Enabling Gzip Compression
Enabling Magento Caching
Combining the external CSS/JS into a single file

All of these things can speed up Magento and make it work better. This can be very helpful for both the ecommerce company, and for the customers of the company.

25. Which billing information can be managed through Magento?

Ans:

All of the following things can be managed from the client account.

Adding a credit card
Adding a PayPal account
Updating a billing address
Producing a print-ready receipt
Viewing your billing history

Considering the fact that Magento is an ecommerce platform it is absolutely critical that all of this billing information can be managed through the platform. This is why all of these things are able to be managed through Magento.

26. How do you add a blog to Magento?

Ans:

Blogs are very important for helping to increase the search engine rankings for an ecommerce site. To add a blog to Magento, you have two options, you can use a prebuilt Magento blog extension, or you can create a custom blog module. If you are going to set up a free pre-built blog extension, then you will need to first download the extension. You can get them from Aheadworks. Next, you need to install the blog extension. After that, you need to configure it. If you are going to build a custom blog, then you will have to create a module for it.

27. How many design patterns does Magento Have?

Ans:

Magento has a total of 12 design patterns. These patterns include:

Factory Pattern
Singleton Pattern
Model View Controller Pattern
Front Controller Pattern
Registry Pattern
Prototype Pattern
Iterator Pattern
Object Pool Pattern
Service Locator Pattern
Lazy Loading Pattern
Observer Pattern
Module Pattern

28. How many tables will be created when you make a new EAV module?

Ans:

If you make a new EAV module, then six tables will be created. These tables include:
module_datetime, module, module_decimal, module_int, module_text, and module_varchar.

29. What is MVC?

Ans:

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. Any application that separates it’s data access, business logic and user interface is called MVC. There can be two types of MVC: convention-based and configuration-based. Example, cakePHP is convention-based, i.e. you just need to follow the instructions of the core system to get your module ready in just few lines. Magento is configuration-based, i.e. you need to specify each and every thing to your module’s config file in order to get it work. Magento has controllers (for request/response routing), Block (for rendering content), Model (for business logic), Resource/Mysql4 (for database operations), etc (for module-specific configuration files), Helper (for common functions), sql (for setup scripts), layout (for connecting block with templates for each controller action) and template/.PHTML file (for Presentation i.e. View).

30. How Magento’s MVC works:

Ans:

When you enter the URL (something like http://loca.lho.st/frontname/controller/method/param1/value1/param2/value2), this URL is intercepted by one PHP file called index.php which instantiates Magento application
Magento application instantiates Front Controller object
Further, front controller instantiates Router objects (specified in module’s config.xml, global tag)
Now, Router is responsible to “match” the frontname which is in our URL
If “match” is found, it sees controller name and method name in the URL, which is finally called.
Now depending on what is written in action name (method name), it is executed. If any models are called in it, the controller method will instantiate that model and call the method in it which is requested.
Then the controller action (method) instantiate the Layout object, which calls Block specified for this action (method) name (Each controller action name have block and template file associated with it, which can be found at app/design/frontend or adminhtml/namespace/module/layout/module.xml file, name of layout file (module.xml) can be found in config.xml of that module, in layout updates tag).
Template file (.phtml) now calls the corresponding block for any method request. So, if you write $this->methodName in .phtml file, it will check “methodName” in the block file which is associated in module.xml file.
Block contains PHP logic. It references Models for any data from DB.
If either Block, Template file or Controller need to get/set some data from/to database, they can call Model directly like Mage::getModel(‘modulename/modelname’).

31. How Magento ORM works?

Ans:

ORM stands for Object Relational Mapping. It’s a programming technique used to convert different types of data to Objects and vice versa.
In Magento, ORM is shown as Model (based on Zend Framework’s Zend_Db_Adapter), which further breaks down to two types of Models.
First is the “simple” i.e. Regular Models which is nothing but flat table or our regular table structure.
Second Model is EAV (Entity Attribute Value), which is quite complicated and expensive to query.
All Magento Models interacting with database are inherited from Mage_Core_Model_Abstract class, which is further inherited from Varien_Object.
Difference between two Models is, Simple Model is inherited from Mage_Core_Model_Resource_Db_Abstract class,
while EAV is inherited from Mage_Eav_Model_Entity_Abstract.
For those who don’t know what EAV is, please read my 3rd answer below.
So, to end up this question,
when you want to get some data in Magento, you call it like this:

Mage::getModel('module/model')->load(1);

where 1 is the primary key id for some Regular/Simple table, while in EAV so many tables are joined to fetch just single row of data.

32. What is EAV in Magento?

Ans:

EAV, stands for Entity Attribute Value, is a technique which allows you to add unlimited columns to your table virtually. Means, the fields which is represented in “column” way in a regular table, is represented in a “row” (records) way in EAV. In EAV, you have one table which holds all the “attribute” (table field names) data, and other tables which hold the “entity” (id or primary id) and value (value for that id) against each attribute.
In Magento, there is one table to hold attribute values called eav_attribute and 5-6 tables which holds entity and data in fully normalized form,
– eav_entity, eav_entity_int (for holding Integer values),
– eav_entity_varchar (for holding Varchar values),
– eav_entity_datetime (for holding Datetime values),
– eav_entity_decimal (for holding Decimal/float values),
– eav_entity_text (for holding text (mysql Text type) values).
EAV is expensive and should only be used when you are not sure about number of fields in a table which can vary in future. To just get one single record, Magento joins 4-5 tables to get data in EAV. But this doesn’t mean that EAV only has drawbacks. The main advantage of EAV is when you may want to add table field in future, when there are thousands or millions of records already present in your table. In regular table, if you add table field with these amount of data, it will screw up your table, as for each empty row also some bytes will be allocated as per data type you select. While in EAV, adding the table column will not affect the previously saved records (also the extra space will not get allocated!) and all the new records will seamlessly have data in these columns without any problem.

33. Difference between Mage::getSingleton() and Mage::getModel()

Ans:

The difference between Mage:getSingleton() and Mage::getModel() is that the former one does not create an object if the object for same class is already created, while the later creates new objects every time for the class when it’s called.
Mage::getSingleton() uses the “singleton design pattern” of PHP. If the object is not created, it will create it.
Mage::getSingleton() is mostly used when you want to create an object once, modify it and later fetch from it. Popular example is session, you first create a session object, and then add/remove values from session across different pages, so that it retains your values (e.g. cart values, logged in customer details, etc.) and doesn’t create new session object losing your last changes.
Mage::getModel() is used when you want to have the fresh data from the database. Example is when you want to show records from database.

34. How will you call a CMS page in your module’s PHTML file?

Ans:

$this->getLayout()->createBlock(‘cms/block’)->setBlockId(‘blockidentifier’)->toHtml();

35. What is codePool in Magento?

Ans:

codePool is a tag which you have to specify when registering new module in app/etc/modules/Company_Module.xml
There are 3 codePools in Magento: core, community and local, which are resided at app/code/ directory.
Core codePool is used by Magento core team, Community is generally used by 3rd party extensions and Local codePool should be used for in-hour module development and overriding of core and community modules for custom requirement.
So in short, codePool helps Magento to locate module inside app/code/ for processing.

36. When will you need to clear cache to see the changes in Magento?

Ans:

When you have added/modified XML, JS, CSS file(s).

37. How will you enable product’s custom attribute visibility in frontend?

Ans:

In the Manage Attributes section of the custom attribute, select Visible on Product View Page on Front-end and Used in Product Listing to Yes.

38. Difference between EAV and flat model

Ans:

EAV is entity attribute value database model, where data is fully in normalized form. Each column data value is stored in their respective data type table. Example, for a product, product ID is stored in catalog_product_entity_int table, product name in catalog_product_entity_varchar, product price in catalog_product_entity_decimal, product created date in catalog_product_entity_datetime and product description in catalog_product_entity_text table. EAV is complex as it joins 5-6 tables even if you want to get just one product’s details. Columns are called attributes in EAV.
Flat model uses just one table, so it’s not normalized and uses more database space. It clears the EAV overhead, but not good for dynamic requirements where you may have to add more columns in database table in future. It’s good when comes to performance, as it will only require one query to load whole product instead of joining 5-6 tables to get just one product’s details. Columns are called fields in flat model.

39. Is it mandatory to give Namespace while creating custom module in Magento?

Ans:

40. How will you override Block/Model/controllers in Magento?

Ans:

After spending many hours in rewriting block and controller of Magento core module, I finally came up with a solution.
Here I am going to rewrite block: Mage/Adminhtml/Block/Sales/Shipment/Grid.php
and controller: Mage/Adminhtml/controllers/Sales/ShipmentController.php

First you will need to make a xml file for your new module at app/etc/modules directory
CompanyName_Adminhtml.xml

true
local

Then, make folders in your app/code/local directory as follows:
– CompanyName
-> Block
—> Sales
—-> Shipment
——> Grid.php
-> controllers
—> Sales
—-> ShipmentController.php
-> etc
—> config.xml

In ShipmentController.php, you should start like this:

require_once("Mage/Adminhtml/controllers/Sales/ShipmentController.php");
class CompanyName_Adminhtml_Sales_ShipmentController extends Mage_Adminhtml_Sales_ShipmentController
{
 //controller methods goes here..
}
require_once is necessary as magento is not going to load controllers as it does for blocks and models

In block Grid.php, start the file like below:

class CompanyName_Adminhtml_Block_Sales_Shipment_Grid extends Mage_Adminhtml_Block_Widget_Grid
{
// block methods goes here..
}

41. Can you have more than one Grid in a module?

Ans:

Yes

42. How will you join flat table and EAV table in Magento?

Ans:

Joining tables in Magento when it comes to EAV with Flat table is quite complicated. Consider you want to join sales_flat_order table with customer EAV tables to get Customer’s firstname and lastname, it becomes difficult as customer’s name comes from customer_entity_varchar table.

Below code will join sales order flat table with customer EAV to get customer’s full name in the collection along with all the order details.

$coll = Mage::getModel('sales/order')->getCollection();

$fn = Mage::getModel(‘eav/entity_attribute’)->loadByCode(‘1’, ‘firstname’);
$ln = Mage::getModel(‘eav/entity_attribute’)->loadByCode(‘1’, ‘lastname’);

$coll->getSelect()
->join(array(‘ce1’ => ‘customer_entity_varchar’), ‘ce1.entity_id=main_table.customer_id’, array(‘firstname’ => ‘value’))
->where(‘ce1.attribute_id=’.$fn->getAttributeId())
->join(array(‘ce2’ => ‘customer_entity_varchar’), ‘ce2.entity_id=main_table.customer_id’, array(‘lastname’ => ‘value’))
->where(‘ce2.attribute_id=’.$ln->getAttributeId())
->columns(new Zend_Db_Expr(“CONCAT(`ce1`.`value`, ‘ ‘,`ce2`.`value`) AS fullname”));

print_r($coll->getData());

43. How will you enable maintenance mode of your Magento website?

Ans:

If you want your Magento website to show in maintenance mode, you will have to do two things.

1. Create a file name maintenance.flag in your magento root directory. Contents under this file doesn’t matter, you can keep it empty.
2. Change the maintenance file (located in magento root -> errors -> default directory) to show proper message when user visits your website.

44. What are “magic methods” in Magento?

Ans:

Magento uses __call(), __get(), __set(), __uns(), __has(), __isset(), __toString(), __construct(), etc. magic methods. You can find more details inside class Varien_Object

45. How many database tables will Magento create when you make a new EAV module?

Ans:

Magento creates 6 tables when you create new EAV module. Tables: module, module_datetime, module_decimal, module_int, module_text and module_varchar. one is the main entity table, and rest 5 tables which holds attribute’s data in different data types. So that integer values will go to module_int table, price values to module_decimal, etc.

46. Where will you write your module’s business logic in Magento?

Ans:

inside Model

47. Explain different types of sessions in Magento (e.g. customer/session, checkout/session, core/session) and the reason why you store data in different session types?

Ans:

Customer sessions stores data related to customer, checkout session stores data related to quote and order. They are actuall under one session in an array. So firstname in customer/session will be $_SESSION[‘customer’][‘firstname’] and cart items count in checkout/session will be $_SESSION[‘checkout’][‘items_count’]. The reason Magento uses session types separately is because once the order gets placed, the checkout session data information should get flushed which can be easily done by just unsetting $_SESSION[‘checkout’] session variable. So that the session is not cleared, just session data containing checkout information is cleared and rest all the session types are still intact.

48. What are the commonly used block types? What is the special in core/text_list block type.

Ans:

Commonly used block types: core/template, page/html, page/html_head, page/html_header, page/template_links, core/text_list, page/html_wrapper, page/html_breadcrumbs, page/html_footer, core/messages, page/switch.
Some blocks like content, left, right etc. are of type core/text_list. When these blocks are rendered, all their child blocks are rendered automatically without the need to call getChildHtml() method.

49. What are the different design patterns used in Magento?

Ans:

MAGENTO
Feb 25, 2013kalpesh2 Comments
Magento: Design Patterns

inShare
Factory:

It implement the concept of factories and deals with the problem of creating objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

$product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product');

Singleton:

It restricts the instantiation of a class to one object. It will refer to same object each time called.

$category = Mage::getSingleton('catalog/session');

Registry:

It is a way to store information throughout your application.

Mage::register('key',$value); //stores
$currentCategory = Mage::registry('key'); //retrives

Prototype:

It determines the type of object to create. In Magento it can be Simple, Configurable, Grouped, Bundle, Downloadable or Virtual types.

Mage:getModel('catalog/product')->getTypeInstance();

Observer:

It is mainly used to implement distributed event handling systems. Here the subject maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods.

Mage::dispatchEvent('event_name', array('key'=>$value));

Class_Name
methodName

Object Pool:

It is used to reuse and share objects that are expensive to create.

$id = Mage::objects()->save($object);
$object = Mage::objects($id);

Iterator:

It is used to traverse a collection and access the collection’s items.

Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->getCollection();

Lazy Loading:

It is used to defer initialization of an object until the point at which it is needed.

$collection_of_products = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')
->getCollection();

Decorator:

It is used to extend or modify the behaviour of an object at runtime.

Helper:

Multiple methods are available for use by other objects. Here you can use core’s helper methods from anywhere in the application.

Mage::helper('core');

Service Locator:

Allows overrides or renamed physical resources (e.g. Classes, DB tables, etc)

Mage::getModel('catalog/product') and $installer->getTable('customer/address_entity');

50. What can you do to optimize Magento performance?

Ans:

Tweak .htaccess for performance optimization in Magento. It will not sky rocket your website, but will show notable improvement. The default Magento .htaccess comes with performance optimization, but commented by default. I will show you here which lines to uncomment and improve the performance.

Compressing web pages with mod_deflate
The mod_deflate module allows the Apache2 web service to compress files and deliver them to browser that can handle them. With mod_deflate you can compress HTML, text or XML files by upto 70% of their original sizes! Thus, saving you server traffic and speeding up page loads.

Check your .htaccess file for below code, I have removed hashes before few lines to uncomment them for performance.

############################################
## enable apache served files compression
## http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#gzip
# Insert filter on all content
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
# Insert filter on selected content types only
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/css text/javascript
# Netscape 4.x has some problems…
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
# Netscape 4.06-4.08 have some more problems
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip
# MSIE masquerades as Netscape, but it is fine
BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
# Don’t compress images
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary
# Make sure proxies don’t deliver the wrong content
Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary

51. Where is the relation between configurable product and it’s simple product stored in database?

Ans:

In the 2 tables:
catalog_product_relation
catalog_product_superlink_table

52. How will you log current collection’s SQL query?

Ans:

$collection->printLogQuery(true); OR $collection->getSelect()->__toString();

53. How to get first item or last item from the collection?

Ans:

$collection->getFirstItem() and $collection->getLastItem();

54. What is Magento?

Ans:

Magento is an open source E-commerce software, created by Varien which is useful for online business and it has the flexible modular architecture. It is scalable and it has many control options that helps the user. Magento uses E-commerce platform which offers companies ultimate E-commerce solutions and extensive support network.

55. Why to use Magento?

Ans:

The uses of Magento are –

Magento is open source E-commerce software.
It is scalable and offers small companies to build business.
It provides the searching and sorting of products in several ways.
Easily integrates with many of the third-party sites which are needed to run effective E-commerce website.
Using this, customer can order or purchase number of products. There are no limits on number of purchasing products.

56. List the Web-Hosting sites of Magento?

Ans:

The Web-Hosting sites of Magento are –

SiteGround
BlueHost
HostGator
Inmotion
Arvixe
site5

57. What are disadvantages of Magento?

Ans:

The disadvantages of Magento are –

Magento uses larger disk space and memory.
It takes much time to build the customized functionality.
It is very slow compared to other E-commerce sites.
It needs proper hosting environment, if the hosting environment is improper the user can face the problems.

58. Name the web-server that supports Magento?

Ans:

The Web-server that supports Magento are –

Apache 2.x
Nginx 1.7.x

59. What are Magento products?

Ans:

Products are the items or things that are sold in Magento. Product can be anything that is capable of satisfying customer needs. This includes both physical products and services.

60. Name the product types that are available in Magento?

Ans:

The product types available in Magento are –

Simple Products
Grouped Products
Configurable Products
Virtual Products
Bundled Products
Downloadable Products

61. What is Inventory?

Ans:

Inventory allows setting a product’s stock quantity. For instance, you have a product with 100 units in stock. If you set the stock availability to “Out of Stock” then it will force the item to be out of stock.

62. Name the categories of E-Commerce?

Ans:

The categories of E-Commerce are:

Business to Business(B2B)
Business to Consumer(B2C)
Consumer to Consumer(C2C)
Consumer to Business(C2B)

63. What does Rate Percent mean in Manage Tax Rate window?

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Rate Percent specify the percent of the tax rate.

64. What does Priority field specifies in Manage Tax Rules?

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Priority field specifies when the tax should be applied to other tax rules.

65. What is the used of Zero Subtotal Checkout panel?

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The Zero Subtotal Checkout panel is a payment option that displays when order total is zero and not required to enter payment details for the customer.

66. What is the used of 3D Secure Card validation field in Saved CC?

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It is additional security functionality where customer needs to provide credit card password to complete the purchase order.

67. Which are the methods of PayPal Payment Gateways?

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The two methods of PayPal Payment Gateways are

Payflow Pro (Includes Express Checkout)
Payflow Link (Includes Express Checkout)

68. What is Payflow Pro?

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The Payflow Pro option is customizable payment gateway which can be used with merchant account to process credit card transactions.

69. What is Payflow Link?

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Payflow Link option often called as hosted payment gateway that keeps customer on your site by providing fast and easy way to add transaction processing to your site.

70. What is the use of My Cart Link panel?

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My Cart Link panel specifies whether the number of quantities in the cart should be shown or whether the number of different products should be shown using the Display Cart Summaryfield.

71. What is Google checkout in Magento?

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Google Checkout is online payment processing service provided by Google. Magento allows integration of online stores with Google checkout. It is like PayPal that simplifies the process of paying for online purchases.

72. What is Magento Manage Order?

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Order management is important thing which allows business to run smoothly and keeps customers happy, making them more likely to visit your site in the future.

73. What is Magento Google Analytics?

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Google Analytics is a finest Google service for those who are actively managing websites and adds analytics to Magento store including Ecommerce tracking and conversions of their websites.

74. What is the use of Page Layout in Magento?

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Layout files are useful in rendering front pages of Magento.

75. What is Magento Content Management System(CMS)?

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Magento CMS (Content Management System) section is used to manage all web site pages. It is a way of promoting the products by providing valuable information to the customers and increases visibility to search engines.

76. What are Static Blocks?

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Static block is a piece of content can be used anywhere in the pages. Magento allows creating blocks of content that can be used through the store and can be added to any page or another block.

77. What are Polls?

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Polls are used to get customer’s opinions and preferences. The poll results appear immediately after response is submitted.

78. How to Optimize the Magento Environment?

Ans:

Following points describe how to optimize the Magento environment

It uses complex database, so that it needs to be run on dedicated servers.
Magento application could be optimized by using cloud computing.
Merge you JavaScript and CSS files which reduces the load time dramatically since its loading only one merged file.
Proper MySQL configuration is one of the most important aspects in terms of performance.
Always upgrade to the latest Magento version allows to perform better.

79. How to Optimize Magento Configuration?

Ans:

The following points specify how to optimize the magento configuration

To speed up Magento performance, don’t run mysql and web server on the same machine.
Do not host files on your web server that you do not use.
Optimization of session storage.
Enabling Magento flat catalog. (Magento uses a complex and resource-intensive Entity Attribute Value [or EAV] based catalog). After initial catalog establishment, enabling the flat catalog can dramatically improve database querying time.
Identification and disabling of unused Magento modules.

80. What is the process of Code Optimization?

Ans:

The process of Code Optimization are

Removal of unused or unnecessary code processes.
To optimize Magento performance, JavaScript and CSS files need to be compressed and aggregated.
Conformance of all site images to optimal web image sizes.
Identification of bottlenecks(process that causes the entire process to slow down or stop) processes in both front-end and back-end.

81. How to improve the performance of database?

Ans:

The following points describe how to improve the performance of database

Unused data must be cleaned up regularly for better performance.
Optimization of database queries.
Configuration of setting and limits of the database server (e.g. memory setting, query cache, sort buffer optimization).

82. Which is the PHP version used for magento?

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PHP 5.4 +

83. What is WSDL?

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It stands for Web Services Description Language. It is used for describing web services and how to access them.

84. What does Only X left Threshold means in Stock Option?

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It is used to set threshold number. When the units of that product are drop to that number, it will display Only X left message on the product details page.

85. What is Magento Payment Gateway?

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Payment gateway processes the credit card data securely between customer and merchant and also between merchant and the payment processor. It is like checkpoint that protects customers against attempting to gather personal and financial information from customers and also act as mediator between the merchant and sponsoring bank.

86. What is the process of Order Life cycle in Magento?

Ans:

Orders follow a standard life cycle process. When customer place product orders, it arrive in the administration interface with a pending status. When order is processed, the status of order changes according to current state in the processing workflow. Once the invoice is created for the order, the status changes from pending to processing status. Next it creates shipment for an order which changes the status from pending to complete status.

87. Which are the two sections present in Design Section?

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The two sections present in Design section are

Page Layout
Custom Design

88. What does the Page Layout section contains?

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The Page Layout section contains a Layout option which allows selecting layout as per your choice and Layout Update XML option inserts the XML code.

89. What is the use of Meta Data section while setup new pages?

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The Meta Data section contains Keywords and description of the page.

90. How to subscribe to Newsletters using Magento?

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Customer can subscribe to Newsletters using Magento. Customer can sign up for the Newsletter when he creates a new customer account which contains checkbox for signing up. For creating Newsletters you need to enable Newsletter option in your magento to make sure that customer has confirmed to receive Newsletter.

91. How to optimize the Magento front-end performance?

Ans:

The following points show how to optimize the Magento front-end performance –

Use the latest version of php, so that you can perform front-end operation much better and faster. The newest released version may cause the errors, so carefully read the release notes and check out the new version.
Use the clean database to improve the performance of magento. The database logs need to be clear regularly. The database stores the automatically created logs to keep track of record session and interaction.

92. What is grouped product?

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This is a group of simple products. In this type, you cannot specify a specific price for product; you can just specify the discount.

93. What is Configurable Products

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In this type, customer can select products according to their color and size before purchasing.
Example – Cell phones obtained in different colors and sizes.

94. What are Bundled products?

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Bundled products are those products which cannot be sold separately and doesn’t give any choice for end user.

95. What is the use of Backorder field in Product Stock Option Panel?

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If it is enabled, customer can buy products even if they are out of stock.

96. What are Tax rules?

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Tax rules are entities that combine product tax classes, customer tax classes and tax rates.

97. What is the use of Manage store section?

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Manage Stores section, you will see website names, store names and Store View Name columns.

98. What is E-commerce?

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E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) is a type of business that involves the commercial transaction or purchasing or selling of goods and services through electronic channels known as internet.

99. What are the features of Magento?

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The features of Magento are

Magento provides different payment methods such as credit cards, PayPal, cheques, money order, Google checkouts.
It provides shipping of products in one order to the multiple addresses.
Easy to manage the orders by using admin panel.
It filters the products and displays in grid or list format.

100. What are the advantages of Magento?

Ans:

The advantages of magento are

It is user friendly E-commerce software.
It is compatible with Smartphone’s, tablets and other mobile devices.
It provides multiple payment options so every visitor can make payment based on their preferred payment gateway.
It has many extensions which supports for the development of an online store.

101. What database does Magento supports?

Ans:

MySql Database

102. Which is the MySql version used for magento?

Ans:

MySQL 5.1

103. What is Consumer to Business?

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This transaction is between consumer or customer and business or companies where consumer makes a product that the company uses to complete business.

104. How will you add/remove content from core’s system.xml file?

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You can do that by overriding system.xml configuration.